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Sustainability ; 15(9):7146, 2023.
Article Dans Anglais | ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-2312839

Résumé

Through fiscal policy, the government can influence businesses and individuals in order to regulate their behaviour. The research used panel data from all 27 EU countries covering the period 2008–2020 to investigate the impact of direct taxation on economic growth at the level of two main clusters of countries concerning fiscal efficiency. Therefore, the analysis employed cluster methods to classify the main EU countries in both groups of countries with a high level of fiscal efficiency and those with a rather limited level of fiscal efficiency. The study employs fixed effect models and dynamic GMM methods to investigate the effect of direct taxation components (personal and corporate income taxes) on economic growth. The analysis also considers the informal economy's role in relation to the official economy. The empirical results revealed that corporate income taxes significantly negatively impact economic growth for both clusters of high- and limited fiscal efficiency countries. Additionally, personal income tax was associated with lower economic growth for countries in the limited fiscal efficiency group. Thus, from the perspective of policymakers, lowering direct taxation can increase disposable income, stimulate consumption and economic growth, encourage investment leading to job creation, increase competitiveness, and reduce tax evasion and avoidance, thereby leading to a more efficient tax system.

2.
Revista de Management Comparat International ; 22(2):204-212, 2021.
Article Dans Anglais | ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-1335533

Résumé

An important part of the massive loss of income registered by some states of the European Union is due to the tax havens. It is estimated that last year alone the impact at EU level was 75 billion Euros. Fiscal losses are equivalent to almost 52% of the combined public health budgets of poor countries and respectively 8% for rich countries. These data have generated increasing public pressure, which has led to a more pragmatic involvement of decision makers. Due to the Covid-19 crisis, the situation is becoming imperative, as the amounts needed to cover spending on health and social services have increased significantly. The EU created a list of tax havens in 2017 based on a definition of harmful tax practices in order to counter the practices of large companies that avoid paying their tax obligations by using the subterfuges offered by tax havens. The strategy was to put pressure on countries that allow this practice, encouraging blacklisted countries to change their tax rules.

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